Iyintoni inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwempahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone?
Kuluntu lwanamhlanje, ulwazi ngokusingqongileyo luyanda, kwaye abantu banikela ingqalelo enkulu ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Njengokhetho lweengubo zangaphantsi ezidibanisa intuthuzelo nobuhle, inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezintoiimpahla zangaphantsi zesiliconeKwakhona itsale ingqalelo enkulu. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa ngeenkcukacha inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweempahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone, kuquka amalungiselelo okuqala okusetyenziswa kwakhona, amanyathelo athile okusebenza, kunye neendlela zonyango emva kokusetyenziswa kwakhona, ngenjongo yokubonelela abafundi ngembono epheleleyo necwangcisiweyo yokuqonda ngcono ukubaluleka kunye neenkcukacha zokuphunyezwa kwesi sicwangciso sokukhusela okusingqongileyo.

1. Amalungiselelo okuqala okuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi zesilicone
(I) Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokutsha kwiimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone ziquka iimveliso zangaphantsi ze-silicone ezingasasetyenziswayo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi mveliso zinokususwa ngabasebenzisi ngenxa yesitayile esidala, ubungakanani obungafanelekanga, okanye umonakalo. Ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe kwakhona, ezi mpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone kufuneka ziqale zihlulwe kwaye zihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba impahla zangaphantsi ezisetyenziswayo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokulungiswa okulandelayo. Umzekelo, kwezo mpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone ezonakele kakhulu kwaye azinakulungiswa, unyango olukhethekileyo okanye unyango oluthe ngqo njengenkunkuma lunokufuneka; ngelixa kwezo mpahla zangaphantsi ezisuswayo kuphela ngenxa yesitayile esidala okanye ubungakanani obungafanelekanga, zinokuthathwa njengezinto eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwakhona ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwaye zisetyenziswe kwakhona.

(II) Ukusekwa kwemijelo yokusetyenziswa kwakhona
Ukuze kusetyenziswe ngempumelelo impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone, kuyimfuneko ukuseka iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa kwakhona. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisana nabavelisi bempahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone ukuseta iindawo ezikhethekileyo zokusebenzisa kwakhona; ukusebenzisana namaqonga amakhulu e-e-commerce ukwenza imisebenzi yokusebenzisa kwakhona kwi-intanethi; kunye nokusebenzisana noluntu, izikolo kunye namanye amaziko ukuseta iibhini zokusebenzisa kwakhona. Ngale ndlela, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone zinokuqokelelwa ngokubanzi ukubonelela ngezinto ezaneleyo zokusebenzisa kwakhona kunye nokucubungula okulandelayo.

(III) Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo zokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nezixhobo
Inkqubo yokuphinda usebenzise impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone ifuna uncedo lwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zobungcali. Umzekelo, isixhobo sokutyumza impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone, isixhobo sokucoca iziqwenga ze-silicone, kunye nesixhobo sokuvavanya amasuntswana e-silicone. Ukongeza, ezinye izixhobo ezincedisayo, ezinje ngeeglavu, iimaski, iiglasi zokukhusela, njl.njl., kufuneka zilungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabaqhubi bokuphinda usebenzise.

2. Amanyathelo athile okusebenza okuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi zesilicone

(I) Unyango lokutyumza
Faka impahla yangaphantsi yesilicone eqokelelweyo kwisixhobo sokutyumza ukuze ityumzwe, uze uyityumze ibe ziingceba ezincinci ezinobude obuyi-2 cm ukuya kwi-5 cm. Injongo yale nyathelo kukwenza kube lula ukucoca nokuhlola emva koko, kwaye inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokurisayikilisha.

(II) Ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
Faka iziqwenga ze-silicone ezicoliweyo kwitanki yokucoca, yongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo besixhobo sokucoca kunye namanzi, uze uzixube kwaye uzicoce ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, iteknoloji yokucoca nge-ultrasonic ingasetyenziswa ukususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kunye nokungcola kumphezulu weziqwenga ze-silicone. Emva kokucoca, faka iziqwenga ze-silicone kwi-centrifuge ukuze zome nge-centrifugal ukuze ususe amanzi angaphezulu. Emva koko, bulala iintsholongwane kwiziqwenga ze-silicone ezomileyo ukuqinisekisa ucoceko kunye nokhuseleko lwazo.

(III) Ukuhlolwa kunye nokuhlelwa
Faka iziqwenga ze-silicone ezicociweyo nezihlanjululweyo kwisixhobo sokuvavanya kunye nesikrini uze uzihlele ngokwesayizi yamasuntswana kunye nomahluko wobuninzi. Eli nyathelo linokususa ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezingahlangabezani neemfuno, ezifana neziqwenga zeplastiki, amasuntswana esinyithi, njl.njl., ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ubunyulu be-silicone. Amasuntswana e-silica gel ahluzwe ngesikrini anokuhlelwa ngakumbi ngokwesayizi kunye nobunyulu bawo ukuze aphinde acutshungulwe kwaye asetyenziswe kwakhona.

(IV) Ukucocwa nokuhlanjululwa
Amasuntswana ejeli ye-silica ahluziweyo nahlulweyo afakwa kwiketile yokunyibilikisa ngokwemilinganiselo ethile yobunzima, kunye ne-sulfuric acid, i-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid kunye nezinye izinto zokufudumeza nokunyibilikisa. Okokuqala, iketile yokunyibilikisa ifudunyezwa ukuya kubushushu bokuqala obumiselweyo (njenge-100 degrees) de kungabikho distillate itshayo; emva koko iketile yokunyibilikisa iyakhutshwa kwaye ifudunyezwe ukuya kubushushu besibini obumiselweyo (njenge-250 degrees) de kungabikho distillate itshayo ukuze kufunyanwe ulwelo lokuqala olucociweyo. Emva koko, ulwelo lokuqala olucociweyo luyapholiswa, kongezwa i-alkaline catalyst engaphiliyo (njenge-sodium carbonate, i-sodium bicarbonate, i-sodium hydroxide okanye i-potassium hydroxide), kwaye ubushushu bunyuswa ukuya kwi-130 ukuya kwi-160 degrees ukuze kufunyanwe ulwelo lwesibini olucociweyo de kungabikho distillate itshayo ukuze kufunyanwe ulwelo lwesibini olucociweyo.

(V) Ukufunxwa kunye nokuhluzwa
Ulwelo lwesibini olucociweyo luyapholiswa, emva koko kongezwa i-adsorbent (efana ne-activated carbon). Emva kokuxutywa ngokwaneleyo, iyahluzwa ukuze kususwe ukungcola kunye nee-reagents eziseleyo zeekhemikhali apho ukuze kufunyanwe imveliso yejeli ye-silica ecocekileyo. Eli nyathelo linokuphucula ngakumbi ubunyulu kunye nomgangatho we-silicone, ukuze ihlangabezane nemigangatho yokuphinda isetyenzwe kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona.

III. Iindlela zonyango lwempahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone ephinde yasetyenziswa

(I) Ukuphinda kusetyenzwe kwaye kusetyenziswe kwakhona
Emva kwamanyathelo onyango angentla, impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone ephinde yasetyenziswa ingaguqulwa ibe ziinxalenye ze-silicone ezicocekileyo okanye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo. Ezi zinto ze-silicone zingaphinda zisetyenziswe ukwenza impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone entsha okanye ezinye iimveliso ze-silicone, ezifana nee-silicone pads, izinto zokudlala ze-silicone, njl. Ngale ndlela, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ze-silicone kuyafezekiswa, ukuxhomekeka kwizinto ezikrwada kuyancitshiswa, kwaye iindleko zemveliso kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo nazo ziyancitshiswa.

(II) Ukubuyiselwa kwamandla
Kwinkunkuma ethile ye-silicone engenakuphinda isetyenziswe ngokuthe ngqo, ukubuyiswa kwamandla kunokuqwalaselwa. Umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-pyrolysis okanye ukutshisa, inkunkuma ye-silicone inokuguqulwa ibe bubushushu okanye umbane ukuze kuveliswe umbane okanye ezinye iimfuno zamandla. Oku akunakunciphisa kuphela ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma, kodwa kukwafezekisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amandla kwaye kuphuculwe ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezixhobo.

(III) Indawo yokulahla inkunkuma ekhuselekileyo
Kwinkunkuma ethile ye-silicone ekunzima ukuyiphinda isetyenziswe kwaye ingenakuguqulwa ibe ngamandla, unyango olukhuselekileyo lokulahlwa kwenkunkuma luyafuneka. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kufuneka kukhethwe indawo efanelekileyo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kwaye amanyathelo anjengokuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokuthintela ivumba kufuneka athathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba impembelelo yenkqubo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kwindalo esingqongileyo iyancitshiswa. Kwangaxeshanye, indawo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kufuneka ibekwe esweni rhoqo kwaye ilawulwe ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwesibini.

IV. Ukubaluleka kokusingqongileyo kunye nemingeni yokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweempahla zangaphantsi zesilicone

(I) Ukubaluleka kokusingqongileyo
Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone kubaluleke kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. Okokuqala, kunceda ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma nokunciphisa ungcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Izinto ze-silicone kunzima ukuzitshabalalisa kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukuba zilahlwa ngokuthanda kwazo, ziya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu emhlabeni, kwimithombo yamanzi, njl. Ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe, ezi nkunkuma zinokuguqulwa zibe zizixhobo eziluncedo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zendalo. Okwesibini, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone kunokonga amandla nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwinkqubo yemveliso. Kwinkqubo yemveliso ye-silicone, kusetyenziswa amandla amaninzi, kwaye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kunokunciphisa imfuno yemveliso ye-silicone entsha, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse, kwaye kunefuthe elihle ekunciphiseni utshintsho lwemozulu lwehlabathi.

(II) Imingeni
Nangona ukuphinda kusetyenziswe impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone kuneengenelo ezininzi zokusingqongileyo, kukwajongene nemingeni ethile kwinkqubo yokusebenza. Okokuqala, ukuqokelelwa kunye nokuhlelwa kweempahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone kunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa okubanzi kunye nokusasazwa okubanzi kweempahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone, kuthatha abasebenzi abaninzi, izixhobo kunye nexesha ukuyiqokelela. Kwangaxeshanye, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone zinomahluko ekubunjweni nasekubunjweni, kwaye kufuneka zihlelwe ngokuchanekileyo, nto leyo eyandisa ubunzima kunye neendleko zokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Okwesibini, iteknoloji yokuphinda kusetyenziswe impahla yangaphantsi ye-silicone ayikavuthwa. Okwangoku, iindlela zokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nonyango lweempahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone azigqibelelanga ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kukho ezinye iingxaki zobugcisa, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kwinkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe kunye nomgangatho ongaqinisekanga weemveliso eziphinda zisetyenziswe, ezithintela uphuhliso lweshishini lokuphinda kusetyenziswe impahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone. Ukongeza, ulwazi loluntu kunye nokubandakanyeka ekuphindeni kusetyenziswe impahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone kuphantsi, nto leyo ikwayinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela isiphumo sokuphinda kusetyenziswe. Abantu abaninzi abanalo ulwazi ngokuphinda kusetyenziswe impahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone kwaye abazi ukuba bangazilahla njani ngokufanelekileyo iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone ezilahliweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuchitheke imali eninzi yezixhobo ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe.

V. Imbono yexesha elizayo
Ngokuqhubeka kwenzululwazi netekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kolwazi lokusingqongileyo, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone kuya kuzisa ithemba elibanzi lophuhliso. Kwelinye icala, abaphandi baya kuqhubeka nokusebenza ekuphuhliseni iteknoloji yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone esebenza kakuhle neyonokusingqongileyo, ukunciphisa iindleko zokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kunye nokuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kweemveliso eziphinda zisetyenziswe. Umzekelo, jonga iindlela ezintsha zokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, njengokutyumza okuphantsi kobushushu kunye nokukhupha ulwelo olungaphezulu, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-reagents zeekhemikhali kwinkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto; ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokuphinda kusetyenziswe iikhemikhali, njengokucima i-catalytic kunye ne-polymerization ekhokelayo, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto ze-silicone. Kwelinye icala, urhulumente kunye nawo onke amacandelo oluntu baya kwandisa inkxaso yabo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone, benze imigaqo-nkqubo nemigaqo efanelekileyo, benze ulungelelwaniso lwemarike yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, kwaye baphucule ulwazi loluntu ngokusingqongileyo kunye nokubamba inxaxheba. Umzekelo, qalisa imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso-mali ukukhuthaza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone, ukhokele amashishini ukuba athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto; ukuqinisa ukwaziswa kokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nemfundo, ukuphucula ulwazi loluntu ngokubaluleka kokuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone, ukukhuthaza iingcamango zokusetyenziswa okuluhlaza, kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lokuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone.

Ngamafutshane, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone yindlela ebalulekileyo yokukhusela indalo, engancedi nje kuphela ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo, kodwa ikwagcina izixhobo kunye namandla, kwaye ifezekisa uphuhliso oludibeneyo lwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Nangona kusekho imingeni ethile kwinkqubo yokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, ezi ngxaki ziya kusonjululwa kancinci kancinci ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kungekudala, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iimpahla zangaphantsi ze-silicone kuya kuba yinto ethandwayo negqibeleleyo, kwaye kunike igalelo elikhulu ekukhuseleni indalo yomhlaba nokwakha ikhaya elihle.