Ithini imilinganiselo ye-formaldehyde kwi-silicone hip pads?

1. Isishwankathelo somgangatho womxholo we-formaldehyde kwiipadi ze-silicone hip

1.1 Uhlalutyo lokufaneleka kwemigangatho yesizwe
Okwangoku, ilizwe lam linemigangatho ecacileyo yesizwe yomxholo we-formaldehydeiimveliso zesiliconeNgokwemigangatho efanelekileyo efana nethi “GB/T 2912.1-2009 Textile Determination of formaldehyde Part 1: Free and hydrolyzed formaldehyde (water extraction method)”, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ze-silicone kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo kuluhlu olukhuselekileyo. Kwiimveliso ezifana nee-silicone hip pads ezikufutshane nomzimba womntu, umxholo we-formaldehyde awufanele udlule kwi-30mg/kg. Lo mgangatho umiselwe ngokusekelwe ekukhuselweni kwempilo yabantu kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zomgangatho wemveliso.
Ngokuphathelele ukusebenza komgangatho, lo mgangatho usebenza kuzo zonke iimveliso ze-silicone, kuquka ii-silicone hip pads. Injongo yawo kukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso ayizukulimaza impilo yabantu ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesiqhelo. I-Formaldehyde yinto enobungozi. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi e-formaldehyde kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezifo zokuphefumla kunye ne-allergies yesikhumba, kwaye kunokuba nomngcipheko womhlaza. Ke ngoko, ulawulo oluqinileyo lomxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads kubalulekile ekukhuseleni impilo yabathengi.
Kuvavanyo lwangempela, amasebe afanelekileyo aya kuqhuba rhoqo uhlolo olungacwangciswanga kwii-silicone hip pads ezikwimarike ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wazo we-formaldehyde uyahlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe. Nje ukuba kufunyenwe iimveliso ezinomthamo we-formaldehyde ogqithisileyo, amanyathelo esohlwayo afanelekileyo aya kuthathwa, kubandakanya ukurhoxiswa kwemveliso kunye nezohlwayo, ukugcina ucwangco lwemarike kunye namalungelo abathengi. Oku kubonisa ukuba imigangatho yesizwe idlala indima ebalulekileyo yokukhokela kunye nokuthintela ekulawuleni umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads.

2. Ulwalamano phakathi kweempawu zezinto ze-silicone kunye ne-formaldehyde

2.1 Impembelelo yenkqubo yokuvelisa i-silicone kwi-formaldehyde

Inkqubo yokuvelisa i-silicone ibandakanya ikakhulu ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, inkqubo yokubumba kunye nokulungiswa emva kwayo, konke oku kuya kuchaphazela umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziluhlaza: Eyona nto iphambili kwi-silicone yi-silicon dioxide, engeyonto inobungozi kwaye ayinavumba. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, ezinye izongezo ezifana nee-cross-linking agents kunye nee-catalysts zinokongezwa. Ukuba ezi zongezo zikumgangatho ophantsi okanye zisetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga, i-formaldehyde inokukhululwa. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-cross-linking agents ezikumgangatho ophantsi zinokubola kwaye zivelise i-formaldehyde ngexesha lokutshisa okuphezulu. Ngokophando olufanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezifanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde ngaphezulu kwe-80%. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha izinto eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ekulawuleni umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads.
Inkqubo yokubumba: Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zokubumba ii-silicone hip pads: ukubumba ngenaliti kunye nokubumba ngokucinezela. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba ngenaliti, ukuba ubushushu abulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ezinye izinto kwizixhobo eziluhlaza zinokubola, ngaloo ndlela zikhuphe i-formaldehyde. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bokubumba ngenaliti buphakathi kwe-180℃-220℃. Ukuba ubushushu buphezulu kakhulu, ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde kuya kwanda kakhulu. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba ngokucinezela, ulawulo loxinzelelo kunye nexesha luya kuchaphazela ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde. Umzekelo, ngexesha lokubumba ngokucinezela, ukuba uxinzelelo alwanelanga okanye ixesha lifutshane kakhulu, izongezo kwizixhobo eziluhlaza zisenokungasabeli ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kushiyeke i-formaldehyde engaphezulu. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zenkqubo yokubumba, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads unokulawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-10mg/kg, engaphantsi kakhulu kunomgangatho wesizwe.
Emva kokucubungula: Emva kokucoca kubandakanya ikakhulu amanyathelo anjengokucoca, ukomisa kunye nokulungisa emva kokucoca. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, ukuba ukucoca akwenziwanga kakuhle, ezinye izongezo ezine-formaldehyde zisenokusala. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokomisa kunye nokulungisa emva kokucoca, ukuba ubushushu kunye nexesha azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-formaldehyde nayo inokukhululwa. Umzekelo, ngexesha lenkqubo emva kokucoca, ukuba ubushushu buphantsi kakhulu okanye ixesha lifutshane kakhulu, ezinye izinto ezikwizinto eziluhlaza zisenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo, ngaloo ndlela zikhupha i-formaldehyde ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okulandelayo. Ngokwenza ngcono inkqubo emva konyango, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwi-silicone hip pad unokuncitshiswa ngakumbi. Ngokweemvavanyo zokwenyani, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwi-silicone hip pad enyangiweyo emva kokucoca unokwehliswa ube malunga ne-5mg/kg, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba emva konyango udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni umxholo we-formaldehyde.

3. Sebenzisa iimeko zee-silicone hip pads kunye ne-formaldehyde safety thresholds

3.1 Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokhuseleko lwe-formaldehyde kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa ekhaya
Ekhaya, iindlela zokusebenzisa ii-silicone hip pads zikhethekile, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngamaqela anovakalelo olufana neentsana okanye abantu abadala. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukhuseleko lwe-formaldehyde ngakumbi.
Umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci: Iintsana nabantwana abancinci banesikhumba esithambileyo, amajoni abo omzimba akakakhuli ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ukunyamezela kwabo i-formaldehyde kuphantsi kakhulu kunokwabantu abadala. Ngokwezifundo ezifanelekileyo, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-formaldehyde ephantsi kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci kunokubangela ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, usulelo lokuphefumla kunye nezinye iingxaki. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) icebisa ukuba ubuninzi be-formaldehyde kwindawo yeentsana nabantwana abancinci bulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.05mg/m³. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwee-silicone hip pads, ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde udlula umgangatho, ubuninzi be-formaldehyde bunokwakheka kwindawo yasekuhlaleni, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa umngcipheko kwimpilo yeentsana nabantwana abancinci.
Ukuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa kunye nexesha lokuvezwa: Kwindawo yasekhaya, ii-silicone hip pads zihlala zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye ixesha elide. Umzekelo, iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci banokusebenzisa ii-silicone hip pads iiyure ezininzi okanye nangaphezulu yonke imihla. Olu qhagamshelwano lwexesha elide lonyusa ukuvezwa okuqokelelweyo kwi-formaldehyde. Ngokutsho kophando lwesayensi yokusingqongileyo, nokuba uxinano lwe-formaldehyde lungaphakathi komgangatho wesizwe, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kunokuba nemiphumo enokubakho kwimpilo. Ke ngoko, kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ekhaya, umxholo we-formaldehyde wee-silicone hip pads kufuneka uncitshiswe ngakumbi ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa ixesha elide.
Impembelelo yeemeko zokungenisa umoya ngaphakathi: Iimeko zokungenisa umoya ngaphakathi ekhaya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusasazekeni nasekuxutyweni kwe-formaldehyde. Kwimeko yokungenisa umoya kakuhle, i-formaldehyde inokusasaza ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza, inciphise uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde ngaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amagumbi angenamoya ungako, njengaxa iingcango neefestile zivaliwe ebusika ukuze zihlale zifudumele, i-formaldehyde inokubuthana ngaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela yonyusa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwe-formaldehyde kubasebenzisi be-silicone hip pad. Izifundo zibonise ukuba kumagumbi angenamoya ungako, uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde lunokuba phezulu ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu kunakumagumbi angenamoya ungako. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa ii-silicone hip pads ekhaya, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela impembelelo yeemeko zokungenisa umoya kumda wokhuseleko lwe-formaldehyde. Kucetyiswa ukuba kugcinwe umoya ungako ngexesha lokusetyenziswa ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde.
Idatha yovavanyo lokwenyani: Ngokwedatha yovavanyo lokwenyani lwezinye ii-silicone hip pads ezithengiswayo, kufunyaniswe ukuba ezinye iimveliso zikhupha i-formaldehyde eninzi xa zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zasekhaya. Umzekelo, uhlobo oluthile lwee-silicone hip pads lukhuphe i-40 mg/kg ye-formaldehyde ekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa, ephezulu kakhulu kune-30 mg/kg echazwe kumgangatho wesizwe. Oku kubonisa ukuba kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ekhaya, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisa ukufunyanwa kunye nokujonga umxholo we-formaldehyde wee-silicone hip pads ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko ephezulu.

4. Indlela yokufumanisa i-Formaldehyde kunye nokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwee-silicone hip pads

4.1 Intshayelelo kwiindlela ezisemgangathweni zokufumanisa i-formaldehyde
Okwangoku, ukufunyanwa komxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads kusekelwe kakhulu kwimigangatho efanelekileyo efana ne-“GB/T 2912.1-2009 Textile Determination of Formaldehyde Part 1: Free and Hydrolyzed Formaldehyde (Water Extract Method)”. Le migangatho ibonelela ngeendlela ezicacileyo kunye namanyathelo okufunyanwa ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
Indlela yokukhupha amanzi: Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokufumanisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ze-silicone. Umgaqo kukukhupha i-formaldehyde kwisampulu ngokufaka isampulu ye-silicone emanzini, uze emva koko ufumanise uxinano lwe-formaldehyde emanzini ngohlalutyo lweekhemikhali. Amanyathelo athile okusebenza aquka ukulinganisa ubungakanani obuthile besampulu ye-silicone, ukuyisika ibe ziingceba uze uyifake kwisixhobo sokukhupha, ukongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bamanzi acociweyo, kwaye uyikhuphe phantsi kobushushu obuthile kunye neemeko zexesha. Emva kokuba ukukhupha kugqityiwe, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwisampulu umiselwa yi-spectrophotometry okanye i-gas chromatography. Inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba umsebenzi ulula kwaye ufanelekile ekufumaneni i-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ezininzi ze-silicone. Ngokophando olufanelekileyo, ukuchaneka kokufumanisa indlela yokukhupha amanzi kunokufikelela kwi-0.1mg/kg, enokufikelela kwiimfuno zokufumanisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads.
I-Gas chromatography: Le yindlela yokufumanisa i-formaldehyde echanekileyo, efanelekileyo kwiimeko zokufumanisa ezineemfuno eziphezulu zomxholo we-formaldehyde. Umgaqo kukusebenzisa i-gas chromatograph ukwahlula i-formaldehyde kwisampuli, uze emva koko uchonge umxholo we-formaldehyde ngesixhobo sokufumanisa. Xa uchonga ii-silicone hip pads, isampuli kufuneka iphathwe kakuhle kwangaphambili ukuze ikhuphe i-formaldehyde, uze emva koko isampuli yegesi ifakwe kwi-gas chromatograph ukuze ihlalutywe. Inzuzo ye-gas chromatography kukuba inobukrelekrele bokufumanisa kwaye inokubona amanqanaba aphantsi e-formaldehyde, kwaye umda wayo wokufumanisa unokufikelela kwi-0.01mg/kg. Oku kwenza le ndlela ikwazi ukubona ngokuchanekileyo umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads, ngakumbi kwezo mveliso zikufutshane nomda wesizwe, kwaye zinokubonelela ngeziphumo zovavanyo ezithembekileyo ngakumbi.
I-chromatography yolwelo olusebenza kakhulu: Le ndlela ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu ekufumaneni i-formaldehyde. Umgaqo kukusebenzisa i-chromatography yolwelo olusebenza kakhulu ukwahlula i-formaldehyde kwisampuli nokwenza uhlalutyo lobungakanani. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-gas chromatography, i-high performance liquid chromatography ayifuni ukuba isampuli iguqulwe ibe yigesi, ngoko ke iimfuno zonyango lwangaphambi kwesampuli ziphantsi kakhulu. Xa kuvavanywa ii-silicone hip pads, isampuli iyanyibilika kwi-solvent efanelekileyo ize ihlalutywe yi-high performance liquid chromatography. I-high performance liquid chromatography inobuchaneko obuphezulu bokubhaqwa kwaye inokumisela ngokuchanekileyo umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads. Ukuphindaphinda kunye nokuphindaphinda kweziphumo zayo zovavanyo kulungile. Ngokwedatha yokwenyani yesicelo, impazamo yokubhaqwa kwale ndlela ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-5%, enokubonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yobugcisa yokubhaqwa komxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads.
Ezi ndlela zokufumanisa i-formaldehyde zinezibonelelo kunye neengxaki zazo, kodwa kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, indlela efanelekileyo idla ngokukhethwa ngokwenjongo yovavanyo kunye neempawu zesampulu. Kwiimveliso ezifana nee-silicone hip pads ezikufutshane nomzimba womntu, uvavanyo oluqinileyo lwe-formaldehyde yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe kwaye zikhusela impilo yabathengi.

5. Ulawulo lwemarike kunye neenkcukacha zomxholo we-formaldehyde kwiipadi ze-silicone hip

5.1 Amanyathelo okulawula amagunya olawulo afanelekileyo malunga nomxholo we-formaldehyde
Amagunya olawulo lwemarike athathe amanyathelo angqongqo okulawula umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lweemveliso.

Inkqubo yokuvavanya imveliso: Amagunya olawulo lwemarike aya kuqhuba rhoqo ukuvavanya ngokungacwangciswanga kweemveliso ze-silicone hip pad kwimarike. Ngokwezibalo ezifanelekileyo, inani leemveliso ezithathwa iisampulu minyaka le limalunga ne-10% yentengiso iyonke yemarike. Ezi sampulu zigubungela iimveliso zeempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye neebhetshi ukuqinisekisa ukuphelela kokujonga. Iziphumo zokuvavanya zibonisa ukuba umlinganiselo weemveliso ezinomxholo we-formaldehyde ogqithisileyo uye wehla minyaka le kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusuka kwi-15% kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo ukuya kwi-5% ngoku, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amanyathelo okulawula afumene iziphumo ezimangalisayo.
Inkqubo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho: ilizwe lam liseke inkqubo epheleleyo yokuqinisekisa umgangatho, efuna abavelisi be-silicone hip pad ukuba baphumelele isiqinisekiso somgangatho esifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwimarike. Umzekelo, iinkampani kufuneka zifumane isiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho we-ISO 9001 kunye nesiqinisekiso senkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo se-ISO 14001. Ezi nkqubo zokuqinisekisa azinazo nje kuphela iimfuno ezingqongqo kumxholo we-formaldehyde, kodwa zikwagubungela amakhonkco amaninzi afana nenkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso, ukuthengwa kwezinto eziluhlaza, ulawulo lomgangatho, njl. Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yabavelisi be-silicone hip pad kwimarike baphumelele iziqinisekiso zomgangatho ezifanelekileyo, nto leyo enika isiqinisekiso esinamandla somgangatho wemveliso.
Indlela yesohlwayo kunye nokubuyisa: Kwiimveliso ezinomxholo we-formaldehyde ogqithisileyo, amasebe olawulo lwemarike aya kuthatha amanyathelo ohlwayo aqatha. Nje ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso udlula umgangatho, inkampani iya kujongana nesohlwayo esiphezulu, kwaye isixa sesohlwayo sinokufikelela kwixabiso eliphindwe kalishumi kunexabiso lemveliso. Ukongeza, iimveliso ezidlula umgangatho ziya kubuyiselwa ngenkani, kwaye inkampani kufuneka ithwale zonke iindleko kwinkqubo yokubuyisa. Ngokwezibalo, kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, inani leemveliso ze-silicone hip pad ezibuyiselweyo ngenxa yomxholo we-formaldehyde ogqithisileyo libalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yeemveliso ezingafanelekanga ezithathwe iisampulu. Le ndlela yohlwayo kunye nokubuyisa ngenkani yazithintela ngempumelelo iinkampani kwaye yazikhuthaza ukuba zilawule ngokungqongqo umgangatho wemveliso.
Ukusingatha izikhalazo zabathengi: Isebe lolawulo lwemarike likwamisele indlela yokusingatha izikhalazo zabathengi ukukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bakhalaze ngeemveliso ezinomxholo we-formaldehyde ogqithisileyo. Abathengi banokufaka izikhalazo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomnxeba we-12315 kunye namaqonga e-intanethi. Amasebe olawulo lwemarike aza kunika kuqala iimveliso ezikhalazwa ngabathengi kwaye enze uphando kunye novavanyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngokwezibalo, phakathi kweemveliso ezikhalazwa ngabathengi, umlinganiselo womxholo we-formaldehyde odlula umgangatho uphezulu ukuya kwi-70%, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba izikhalazo zabathengi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imarike kwaye zinceda ekufumaneni nasekusombululeni iimveliso ezinengxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

6. Imigangatho yokwazisa abathengi kunye nomxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads

6.1 Iinkxalabo zabathengi malunga nomxholo we-formaldehyde
Iinkxalabo zabathengi malunga nomxholo we-formaldehyde kwiii-silicone hip padsikakhulu zigxile kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ukuqonda ngomngcipheko wempilo: Abathengi ngokubanzi bayaqonda ukuba i-formaldehyde yinto enobungozi, kwaye ukuvezwa ixesha elide kunokubangela izifo zokuphefumla, ukungezwani nolusu, kwanomhlaza. Kwiimveliso ezifana nee-silicone hip pads ezikufutshane nomzimba womntu, abathengi baxhalabile ngakumbi malunga nokuba umxholo wabo we-formaldehyde udlula umgangatho. Ngokwezifundo ezifanelekileyo, ngaphezulu kwama-90% abathengi baya kubuza ngokukhutheleyo malunga nomxholo we-formaldehyde xa bethenga ii-silicone hip pads, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abathengi banolwazi oluphezulu ngeengozi ze-formaldehyde kunye nombono onamandla wokukhusela impilo yabo.
Ulindelo lokhuseleko lwemveliso: Abathengi balindele ukuba ii-silicone hip pads zihambelane ngokungqongqo nemigangatho yesizwe kwaye umxholo we-formaldehyde ulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo. Kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa ekhaya, ingakumbi kwiintsapho ezineentsana okanye abantu abadala, abathengi baneemfuno ezingqongqo zokhuseleko lwemveliso. Banethemba lokuba ii-silicone hip pads aziyi kukhupha i-formaldehyde ngexesha lokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo, okanye ukuba ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde kuphantsi kakhulu kune-30mg/kg echazwe kumgangatho wesizwe. Ngokwedatha yophando lwemarike, malunga ne-85% yabathengi bazimisele ukuhlawula ixabiso eliphezulu lee-silicone hip pads ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu yomxholo we-formaldehyde, nto leyo ebonisa ingqalelo ephezulu yabathengi kukhuseleko lwemveliso.
Ukuthembana kwebhrendi kunye nokucaca kolwazi: Xa bethenga ii-silicone hip pads, abathengi badla ngokukhetha iimpawu ezaziwayo, bekholelwa ukuba umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso yabo luqinisekisiwe ngakumbi. Kwangaxeshanye, abathengi bakwalindele ukuba iimpawu zibonelele ngolwazi olucacileyo lwemveliso, kubandakanya iingxelo zovavanyo lomxholo we-formaldehyde kunye neziqinisekiso ezinxulumene noko. Uphando lufumanise ukuba ulwazi lomkhiqizo kunye nokucaca kolwazi kunempembelelo enkulu kwizigqibo zokuthenga zabathengi. Iimveliso ezineelebheli ezicacileyo zomxholo we-formaldehyde kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezigunyazisiweyo zinezinga lokwamkelwa kwimarike elimalunga nama-30% ngaphezulu kuneemveliso ezingaboneleli ngolwazi olufanelekileyo. Oku kubonisa ukuba abathengi banesidingo esikhulayo sokuthembana kwebhrendi kunye nokucaca kolwazi, kwaye iimpawu kufuneka ziqinise ulwakhiwo lwazo ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno zabathengi.

7. Isishwankathelo
Ngokufunda ngokubanzi imigangatho yomxholo we-formaldehyde kwiipads ze-silicone hip, sinokufikelela kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:
7.1 Ukubaluleka kwemigangatho yomxholo we-formaldehyde
I-Formaldehyde yinto yekhemikhali enobungozi emzimbeni womntu. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi e-formaldehyde kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ezifana nezifo zokuphefumla, ukungezwani nolusu, kunye neengozi zomhlaza. Kwiimveliso ezifana nee-silicone hip pads ezikufutshane nomzimba womntu, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokungqongqo umxholo we-formaldehyde. Umgangatho welizwe lam "GB/T 2912.1-2009 Ukugqitywa kwe-Formaldehyde Icandelo 1: I-Formaldehyde ekhululekileyo neyi-Hydrolyzed (Indlela yokuKhupha Amanzi)" ucacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ze-silicone akufuneki udlule kwi-30mg/kg. Lo mgangatho unika isiseko esibalulekileyo sokukhusela impilo yabathengi.
7.2 Izinto Ezichaphazela Ubungakanani beFormaldehyde
Umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads uchatshazelwa ziinkalo ezininzi zenkqubo yemveliso. Ngokuphathelele ukhetho lwezinto eziluhlaza, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu nezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo yeyona nto iphambili ekunciphiseni ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde. Izinto eziluhlaza ezifanelekileyo zinokunciphisa ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde ngaphezulu kwama-80%. Kwinkqubo yokubumba, ulawulo olungafanelekanga lobushushu, uxinzelelo kunye nexesha lokubumba ngenaliti kunye nokubumba ngokucinezela kunokukhokelela ekukhutshweni kwe-formaldehyde okwandisiweyo. Kwiikhonkco emva kokucubungula, ezinje ngokucoca, ukomisa kunye nokunyanga emva kokulungisa, ukuba umsebenzi awumiselwanga mgangatho, izongezo ezine-formaldehyde nazo ziya kuhlala. Ngokuphucula inkqubo yemveliso, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads unokulawulwa ngempumelelo ukuba ube ngaphantsi kakhulu komgangatho wesizwe.
7.3 Iimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye nemida yokhuseleko
Kwindawo yokusetyenziswa ekhaya, ii-silicone hip pads zisondelelene kakhulu namaqela anovakalelo olufana neentsana kunye nabantu abadala, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukhuseleko lwe-formaldehyde. Iintsana kunye nabantwana abancinci banolusu olubuthathaka kwaye amajoni abo omzimba akakakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi e-formaldehyde kunokubangela ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, usulelo lokuphefumla kunye nezinye iingxaki. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) icebisa ukuba ubuninzi be-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusetyenziswa kweentsana kunye nabantwana abancinci bulawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.05mg/m³. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo, ixesha elide lokuvezwa kunye neemeko zomoya ezimbi zangaphakathi kuya kwandisa ukuvezwa kwe-formaldehyde, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa iingozi zempilo. Ke ngoko, kwimeko yokusetyenziswa ekhaya, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa ngakumbi umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads kunye nokugcina iimeko zomoya ezilungileyo.
7.4 Iindlela zokufumanisa kunye nokusetyenziswa okusemgangathweni
Okwangoku, iindlela eziphambili zokufumanisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads ziquka ukukhupha amanzi, i-gas chromatography kunye ne-high-performance liquid chromatography. Indlela yokukhupha amanzi ilula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ifanelekile ekufumaneni i-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ezininzi ze-silicone, ngokuchaneka kokufumanisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.1mg/kg. I-gas chromatography inobukrelekrele bokufumanisa kwaye inokubona amanqanaba aphantsi e-formaldehyde, kunye nomda wokufumanisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.01 mg/kg. I-high-performance liquid chromatography inobukrelekrele bokufumanisa, ukuphinda-phinda okuhle kunye nokuphindaphinda, kwaye impazamo yokufumanisa ngokubanzi ingaphakathi kwe-5%. Ezi ndlela zokufumanisa zibonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa eqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-silicone hip pads ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe.
7.5 Ulawulo kunye nolawulo lwemarike
Isebe lolawulo lwemarike lilawula ngokungqongqo umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokuthatha iisampulu zemveliso, ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho, indlela yokohlwaya kunye nokubuyisa, kunye nokuphathwa kwezikhalazo zabathengi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inani leemveliso ezinomxholo we-formaldehyde ogqithisileyo liye lehla minyaka le, ukusuka kwi-15% kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo ukuya kwi-5% ngoku, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba amanyathelo olawulo afumene iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Abathengi banikela ingqalelo ngakumbi kumxholo we-formaldehyde. Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yabathengi baya kubuza ngenkuthalo malunga nomxholo we-formaldehyde xa bethenga, kwaye malunga ne-85% yabathengi bazimisele ukuhlawula ixabiso eliphezulu kwiimveliso ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu. Ulwazi lophawu kunye nokucaca kolwazi kunempembelelo enkulu kwizigqibo zokuthenga zabathengi. Iimveliso ezineelebheli ezicacileyo zomxholo we-formaldehyde kunye neengxelo zovavanyo ezigunyazisiweyo zamkelwe kakhulu kwimarike.
Ngamafutshane, ukulawula ngokungqongqo umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads akusiyonto ibalulekileyo yokukhusela impilo yabathengi kuphela, kodwa ikwalikhonkco eliphambili lamashishini ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso nokuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike. Ngokuqinisa ulawulo lwenkqubo yemveliso, ukuphucula iindlela zokuvavanya, ukuqinisa ulawulo lwemarike nokuphucula ulwazi lwabathengi, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads unokunciphisa ngempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokudala indawo enempilo nekhuselekileyo yokusebenzisa abathengi.