Indlela yokunciphisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-silicone hip pads?

1. Uhlalutyo lwemithombo ye-formaldehyde
1.1 Intshayelelo yezinto ezikrwada
Kwimveliso yee-silicone hip pads, izinto ezikrwada zingumthombo obalulekileyo wongcoliseko lwe-formaldehyde. Ezinye izinto ezikrwada ze-silicone zingongezwa kunye nezongezo ezine-formaldehyde ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-silicone, njengokuphucula ukuguquguquka kwayo okanye ukuzinza kwayo. Ngokophando olufanelekileyo, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwezinye izinto ezikrwada ze-silicone ezingaphantsi unokuba phezulu ukuya kwi-300mg/kg, okungaphaya komgangatho wokhuseleko. Ukongeza, iglu esetyenziselwa ukubopha iindawo ze-silicone inokuba ne-formaldehyde. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko, ezinye iiglue ezikumgangatho ophantsi zisebenzisa i-formaldehyde njengezinto ezikrwada okanye isigcini, kwaye ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde kunokufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-500mg/kg. Ezi formaldehydes ziya kukhutshwa kancinci kancinci ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwee-silicone hip pads, nto leyo ebangela ingozi kwimpilo yabantu.
1.2 Inkqubo yemveliso
Inkqubo yemvelisoi-silicone hip padI-s inokubangela ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba enobushushu obuphezulu, ukuba ubushushu abulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, ezinye izinto eziphilayo kwi-silicone zinokubola zize zivelise i-formaldehyde. Umzekelo, xa ubushushu budlula i-200°C, amaqela e-silanol e-organic kwezinye ii-silicone anokubola aze akhuphe i-formaldehyde. Ukongeza, umoya ongemhle ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso unokubangela ukuba i-formaldehyde iqokeleleke kwindawo yokusebenzela. Ngokweemvavanyo, uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusebenzela engenamoya ungafikelela kwi-0.5mg/m³, ephezulu kakhulu kunomgangatho wesizwe we-formaldehyde wangaphakathi we-0.08mg/m³. Oku akuchaphazeli impilo yabasebenzi kuphela, kodwa kunokubangela ukuba imveliso ifunxe i-formaldehyde eninzi ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, nto leyo enyusa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso.

2. Amanyathelo okulawula izinto eziluhlaza
2.1 Khetha izinto ezikrwada ze-silicone ezikumgangatho ophezulu
Ukukhetha izinto eziluhlaza ze-silicone ezikumgangatho ophezulu linyathelo lokuqala eliphambili lokunciphisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads. Izinto eziluhlaza ze-silicone ezikumgangatho ophezulu zilawula ngokungqongqo ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso ukuze kuthintelwe ukongeza izinto eziqulethe i-formaldehyde. Umzekelo, umxholo we-formaldehyde we-silicone oveliswa ngababoneleli bezinto eziluhlaza ze-silicone abaziwayo unokulawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-10mg/kg, okuphantsi kakhulu kumxholo we-formaldehyde wezinto eziluhlaza eziphantsi. Xa kuthengwa, iinkampani kufuneka zifune ababoneleli ukuba banike iingxelo zokuhlolwa komgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza kwaye bacacise izalathisi eziphambili ezifana nomxholo we-formaldehyde. Ukongeza, amashishini anokuseka ubudlelwane bentsebenziswano bexesha elide nabathengisi ukuze baphuhlise ngokubambisana izinto eziluhlaza ze-formaldehyde eziphantsi okanye ezingenayo i-formaldehyde ukunciphisa ukungeniswa kwe-formaldehyde kumthombo.
2.2 Ukuhlolwa ngokungqongqo kwezongezo
Kwimveliso yee-silicone hip pads, ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo akunakuphepheka, kodwa kufuneka zihlolwe ngokungqongqo. Kwizongezo eziphucula ukuguquguquka nokuzinza, kufuneka kukhethwe iimveliso ezingenayo i-formaldehyde okanye ezingenayo i-formaldehyde ephantsi. Umzekelo, ezinye izongezo ezintsha ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zinokukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde okuncinci kwaye ziyafana ekusebenzeni nezongezo ezine-formaldehyde. Xa ukhetha iglu, iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophantsi ezine-formaldehyde njengezinto eziluhlaza okanye isigcini kufuneka ziphetshwe. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeglu ezingenayo i-formaldehyde ezikhoyo kwimarike, kwaye iimpawu zazo zokubopha zizinzile kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso. Amashishini kufuneka enze uvavanyo olungqongqo lwezongezo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo wazo we-formaldehyde uhlangabezana nemigangatho. Kwangaxeshanye, misela inkqubo yovavanyo lwababoneleli bezongezo, uhlole rhoqo umgangatho wemveliso yababoneleli, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba izongezo ezisetyenziswayo zihlala zihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.

3. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo yemveliso
3.1 Uhlengahlengiso lweeparamitha zenkqubo ye-vulcanization
Inkqubo yokukhupha i-vulcanization yeyona nto iphambili ekuvelisweni kwee-silicone hip pads, kwaye ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo kweeparameter zayo kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umxholo we-formaldehyde.
Ulawulo lobushushu: Izifundo zibonise ukuba xa ubushushu be-vulcanization bulawulwa kwi-150℃ ~ 180℃, amathuba okuba izinto eziphilayo kwi-silicone zibole kwaye zivelise i-formaldehyde ancitshiswe kakhulu. Kolu luhlu lobushushu, i-silicone ingagqiba kakuhle i-vulcanization reaction, ngelixa ithintela umngcipheko wokukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde okubangelwa kubushushu obuphezulu. Umzekelo, inkampani inciphise umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso malunga ne-30% ngokulungelelanisa ubushushu be-vulcanization ukusuka kwi-200℃ ukuya kwi-170℃.
Ulawulo lwexesha: Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokucoca linceda i-silicone ukuba idibane ngokupheleleyo, yenze isakhiwo senethiwekhi esizinzileyo, kwaye inciphise ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde. Ngokubanzi, ixesha lokucoca kufuneka libekwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokohlobo lwe-silicone kunye nobukhulu bemveliso. Kwii-silicone hip pads eziqhelekileyo, ixesha lokucoca licetyiswa ukuba lilawulwe kwimizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15. Ixesha elifutshane kakhulu linokubangela ukucoca okungaphelelanga kwaye lichaphazele umgangatho wemveliso; ixesha elide kakhulu linokubangela iimpendulo ezingafunekiyo. Idatha ibonisa ukuba xa ixesha lokucoca landiswa ukusuka kwimizuzu esi-8 ukuya kwimizuzu eli-12, umxholo we-formaldehyde wemveliso ungancitshiswa malunga ne-25%.
Uhlengahlengiso loxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lwe-vulcanization lunokukhuthaza ukubophana okusondeleyo phakathi kweemolekyuli ze-silicone kwaye lunciphise ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokubanzi, uxinzelelo lwe-vulcanization kufuneka lugcinwe kwi-5MPa~10MPa. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu loxinzelelo, i-silicone inokuxinwa ngokulinganayo kwaye igqibezele inkqubo elungileyo ye-vulcanization. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba ngokunyusa uxinzelelo lwe-vulcanization ukusuka kwi-4MPa ukuya kwi-8MPa, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwi-silicone hip pad unokuncipha malunga ne-20%, kwaye iimpawu zomzimba zemveliso nazo ziphuculwe kakhulu.
3.2 Lungiselela inkqubo yokubumba
Ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yokubumba kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kunye nentsalela ye-formaldehyde.
Ukuphuculwa koyilo lwesikhunta: Yila ulwakhiwo kunye nobukhulu besikhunta ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-silicone ifudunyezwa ngokulinganayo ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba ukuze kuthintelwe ubushushu obuphezulu bendawo kunye nokukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde. Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhunta esahluliweyo kunokwenza ubushushu be-silicone bulingane ngakumbi ngexesha lokubumba kwaye kunciphise ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa bubushushu obungalinganiyo. Ukongeza, ukwenza ngcono inkqubo yokukhupha umoya wesikhunta kunokukhupha igesi eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokubumba, kubandakanya i-formaldehyde enokwenzeka, kwaye kunciphise i-formaldehyde eseleyo kwimveliso. Emva kokuba inkampani ethile yamkele uyilo olutsha lwesikhunta, umxholo we-formaldehyde wemveliso wehlisiwe nge-15%.
Ukulungiswa kobushushu kunye nexesha lokubumba: Njengenkqubo ye-vulcanization, ulawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu kunye nexesha lokubumba lubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Ukulawula ubushushu bokubumba kwi-140℃ ~ 160℃ kunye nexesha lokubumba kwimizuzu emi-5 ~ imizuzu eli-10 akunakuqinisekisa kuphela umgangatho wokubumba we-silicone hip pad, kodwa kukwanciphisa ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde. Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba ngaphakathi kolu bushushu kunye nexesha, umxholo we-formaldehyde wemveliso unokuncipha malunga ne-35%, kwaye ukubonakala kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso kuhlangabezana nemigangatho emihle.
Ukuphucula inkqubo yokungenisa umoya: Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya efanelekileyo inokukhupha igesi ye-formaldehyde ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela ukuthintela ukuba ingafunxwa phezu komphezulu wemveliso ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso. Ukufaka izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezisebenzayo kwindawo yokusebenzela yokubumba ukuqinisekisa ukuba inani lotshintsho lomoya ngeyure lifikelela ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezili-10 kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusebenzela ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.05mg/m³, ephantsi kakhulu kunomgangatho wesizwe we-formaldehyde wangaphakathi. Oku akuncedi nje kuphela ekukhuseleni impilo yabasebenzi, kodwa kunciphisa nokufunxwa kwe-formaldehyde yimveliso, ukuze umxholo we-formaldehyde wemveliso yokugqibela uhlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko.

4. Uvavanyo lomgangatho kunye nokubeka iliso
4.1 Misela imigangatho yovavanyo lwe-formaldehyde
Ukuseka imigangatho engqongqo yovavanyo lwe-formaldehyde likhonkco eliphambili ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwee-silicone hip pads. Okwangoku, ilizwe linemigangatho ecacileyo yomxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ze-silicone. Umzekelo, ukukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde kwiiimveliso zesiliconeAkuyi kudlula i-0.05mg/m²·h. Ngokusekelwe koku, amashishini kufuneka amisele imigangatho yovavanyo lwangaphakathi engqongqo ngakumbi kunye neempawu zawo zemveliso kunye neemfuno zomgangatho ophezulu. Umzekelo, inkampani eyaziwayo yemveliso ye-silicone ibeka umgangatho womxholo we-formaldehyde wee-silicone hip pads ukuba ungadluli kwi-0.03mg/m²·h, ophantsi kakhulu kunomgangatho wesizwe kwaye uqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukhuseleko lwemveliso. Ngokuphathelele iindlela zovavanyo, ubuchwepheshe bovavanyo obuphambili obufana ne-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) okanye i-gas chromatography (GC) bungasetyenziswa. Ezi ndlela zineempawu zobuntununtunu obuphezulu, ukukhetha okuphezulu, ukukhawulezisa kunye nokuchaneka, kwaye zinokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads. Kwangaxeshanye, amashishini kufuneka alinganise rhoqo kwaye agcine izixhobo zovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo zovavanyo.
4.2 Ukusampula rhoqo kweemveliso
Ukuthathwa kwesampulu rhoqo yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde kwii-silicone hip pads uyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho. Amashishini kufuneka enze izicwangciso zokuhlola iisampulu ezineenkcukacha, achaze imvamisa, ubungakanani besampulu kunye nobubanzi bokuhlolwa kwesampulu. Umzekelo, ukuhlolwa kwesampulu okubanzi kwee-silicone hip pads kumgca wemveliso kwenziwa kube kanye ngenyanga, kunye nobukhulu besampulu obungaphantsi kweziqwenga ezili-10 ngexesha ngalinye, kuquka iimveliso zeebhetshi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemihla yemveliso. Ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesampulu, imigangatho yokufumanisa i-formaldehyde ilandelwa ngokungqongqo, kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo ziyarekhodwa kwaye zihlalutywe ngokweenkcukacha. Nje ukuba imveliso enomxholo we-formaldehyde omninzi ifunyenwe, inkqubo yokulandelela kufuneka iqalwe ngoko nangoko ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wengxaki, njengeengxaki zomgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza, ukuphambuka kwenkqubo yemveliso, njl. njl., kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo okulungisa afanelekileyo, njengokutshintsha ababoneleli bezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungisa iiparameter zenkqubo yemveliso, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, uphando olupheleleyo kunye nonyango lwebhetshi efanayo yeemveliso ezivelisiweyo kufuneka lwenziwe ukuthintela iimveliso ezingafanelekiyo ukuba zingangeni kwimarike. Ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kweesampuli kunye namanyathelo onyango angqongqo, uzinzo lomgangatho wee-silicone hip pads lunokuqinisekiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ukuthembana kwabathengi kwiimveliso kunokuphuculwa.

5. Ulawulo lwendalo kunye nezixhobo
5.1 Umoya ongenisa umoya kwindawo yokusebenzela
Ukungenisa umoya kwindawo yokusebenzela yindlela ebalulekileyo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo yokunciphisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-silicone hip pads.
Uyilo lwenkqubo yokungenisa umoya: Indawo yokusebenzela kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokungenisa umoya esebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okutyibilikayo. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokungenisa umoya kufuneka lumiselwe ngokwendlela ebekwe ngayo indawo yokusebenzela, ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zokuvelisa, kunye nokukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Umzekelo, kwamkelwa indibaniselwano yokungenisa umoya ngoomatshini kunye nokungenisa umoya kwendalo, kwaye umoya okwindawo yokusebenzela unokuhlaziywa ngokukhawuleza ngokufaka izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nokuseta ngokufanelekileyo indawo yokungenisa umoya. Ngokophando, inkqubo yokungenisa umoya elungileyo inokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusebenzela ngaphezulu kwama-50%.
Iimfuneko zemvamisa yokungenisa umoya: Ukuze kukhutshwe igesi ye-formaldehyde ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela, imvamisa yokungenisa umoya kwenkqubo yokungenisa umoya kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho ethile. Ngokubanzi, imvamisa yokungenisa umoya kwindawo yokusebenzela yokuvelisa i-silicone hip pad mayingabi ngaphantsi kwe-12 amaxesha/iyure. Umzekelo, emva kokuba ishishini elithile lisebenzise imvamisa yokungenisa umoya ye-15 amaxesha ngeyure, imvamisa ye-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusebenzela yancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-0.3mg/m³ yokuqala ukuya kwi-0.06mg/m³, ephantsi kakhulu kunomgangatho wesizwe we-formaldehyde wangaphakathi, ongaphuculi nje kuphela imeko yokusebenza yabasebenzi, kodwa unciphisa nokufunxwa kwe-formaldehyde yimveliso.
Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zokungenisa umoya: Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokungenisa umoya yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokungenisa umoya. Amashishini kufuneka enze izicwangciso zokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokungenisa umoya ezineenkcukacha, kuquka ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwemeko yokusebenza kwezixhobo zokungenisa umoya, ukucocwa kwemibhobho yokungenisa umoya, ukutshintshwa kwezihluzi, njl. Umzekelo, ukuhlolwa okupheleleyo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokungenisa umoya rhoqo ngekota kunokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle kokungenisa umoya kwenkqubo yokungenisa umoya kuhlala kukwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuxinana kwe-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusebenzela.
5.2 Ukucoca nokugcina izixhobo zisemgangathweni
Ukucoca nokugcina izixhobo zemveliso kubalulekile ekunciphiseni umxholo we-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-silicone hip pads.
Ubuninzi bokucoca kunye nendlela: Izixhobo zemveliso kufuneka zicocwe rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba izinto ze-silicone eziseleyo zingaboli phezu kwezixhobo ukuze zivelise i-formaldehyde. Ubuninzi bokucoca kufuneka bumiselwe ngokusekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo kunye neempawu zeemveliso ezivelisiweyo. Umzekelo, kwizixhobo zokubumba, ukucoca umphezulu kufuneka kwenziwe emva kwemveliso nganye ukususa inkunkuma ye-silicone eseleyo kunye nokungcola. Indlela yokucoca ingaba yindibaniselwano yokucoca ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokucoca ngamakhemikhali, njengokusebenzisa ibrashi ethambileyo ukususa uthuli kunye nenkunkuma kumphezulu wezixhobo, uze uzisule ngesepha engena-formaldehyde ukuqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu wezixhobo ucocekile kwaye awunantsalela.
Isicwangciso sokugcinwa kwezixhobo: Yenza isicwangciso esineenkcukacha zokugcinwa kwezixhobo kwaye uhlole rhoqo kwaye ugcine izixhobo zemveliso ukuze unciphise ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde ebangelwa kukusilela kwezixhobo. Isicwangciso sokugcinwa kufuneka siquke ukuhlolwa, ukuthambisa, ukutshintshwa kunye neminye imisebenzi yezixhobo eziphambili. Umzekelo, jonga rhoqo ukusebenza kokuvalwa kwesikhunta sokubumba ukuze uthintele ubushushu obuphezulu obubangelwa kukuvalwa okubi kunye nokuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde; lungisa kwaye ugcine inkqubo yokufudumeza yezixhobo ze-vulcanization ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kolawulo lobushushu, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa umngcipheko wokukhutshwa kwe-formaldehyde okubangelwa kukutshintshatshintsha kobushushu. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwinkampani ethile, emva kokusebenzisa isicwangciso esingqongqo sokugcinwa kwezixhobo, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso unciphe malunga ne-10%.
Uhlaziyo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo: Ngokuqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo zemveliso ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde. Umzekelo, ukwamkela izixhobo zemveliso ezintsha ezine-formaldehyde ephantsi, okanye ukuguqula izixhobo ezikhoyo ngobuchwephesha, ukufaka izixhobo zokufunxa i-formaldehyde, njl. Inkampani ethile yazisa izixhobo zokubumba eziphambili, kwaye umxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso zayo wehliswa ngama-20% xa kuthelekiswa nohlobo olufanayo lweemveliso eziveliswe zizixhobo ezindala, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukuhlaziywa kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni umxholo we-formaldehyde.

6. Uqeqesho nolawulo lwabasebenzi
6.1 Uqeqesho lokukhusela iingozi zeFormaldehyde
I-Formaldehyde yinto enobungozi enobungozi kwimpilo yabantu. Ngexesha lokuveliswa kwee-silicone hip pads, abasebenzi basenokuba sesichengeni se-formaldehyde, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubaqeqesha kwiingozi ze-formaldehyde kunye nokuzikhusela.
Ukuqonda ngengozi: I-Formaldehyde ingena kakhulu emzimbeni womntu ngokusebenzisa indlela yokuphefumla, ulusu kunye nendlela yokugaya ukutya. Ukuvezwa kwexesha elifutshane kumanqanaba aphezulu e-formaldehyde kunokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa kwamehlo, impumlo, umphimbo kunye nendlela yokuphefumla, kunye neempawu ezifana nokukrazula, ukukhohlela, kunye nokuphefumla; ukuvezwa ixesha elide kumanqanaba aphantsi e-formaldehyde kunokubangela iimpendulo ze-allergy, izifo zokuphefumla, kwaye kwandise nomngcipheko womhlaza. Ngokwezifundo, ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwindawo enomlinganiselo we-formaldehyde we-0.1mg/m³ kuya kunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-nasopharyngeal nge-30%.
Umxholo woqeqesho lokukhusela: Amashishini kufuneka alungiselele uqeqesho rhoqo ukuze achaze iingozi ze-formaldehyde kubasebenzi ngokweenkcukacha ukuze baqonde ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka kokukhusela. Kwangaxeshanye, uqeqesho kufuneka lugubungele iindlela zokukhusela ezichanekileyo, njengokunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana neemaski, iiglavu, kunye neeglasi. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kweemaski zekhabhoni ezisebenzayo kunokucoca ngokufanelekileyo ngaphezulu kwe-90% ye-formaldehyde emoyeni, kunciphisa umngcipheko wabasebenzi wokuphefumla i-formaldehyde. Ukongeza, abasebenzi kufuneka bafundiswe indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokungenisa umoya ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neendlela zonyango olungxamisekileyo xa kufumaneka iimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezifana nokuvuza kwe-formaldehyde.
6.2 Iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni
Iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni zisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokunciphisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-silicone hip pads, kwaye zinokuqinisekisa impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi.
Ukwenziwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza: Amashishini kufuneka enze iinkqubo zokusebenza ezineenkcukacha nezisemgangathweni ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zeenkqubo zemveliso nezixhobo. Ezi nkqubo mazigubungele zonke iinkalo ukusuka ekufumaneni, ekugcinweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwezinto eziluhlaza ukuya ekubumbeni imveliso, ekuvavanyweni, nasekupakishweni kwayo. Umzekelo, kwikhonkco lokugcina izinto eziluhlaza, kuchazwe ukuba izinto eziluhlaza ze-silicone kunye nezongezo mazigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina umoya, epholileyo neyomileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde ngenxa yeemeko ezingafanelekanga zendalo; kwikhonkco lokubumba imveliso, uluhlu oluchanekileyo lweparameters ezifana nobushushu be-vulcanization, ixesha, kunye noxinzelelo luyacaciswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi balandela ngokungqongqo ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kwaye banciphise ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde.
Uqeqesho novavanyo: Qeqesha abasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusebenza ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zokusebenza zekhonkco ngalinye. Emva koqeqesho, kwenziwa uvavanyo olungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokwenza inkqubo yokusebenza ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, ngokulinganisa indawo yokusebenza, ukusebenza kwabasebenzi kunikwa amanqaku, kwaye abasebenzi abangaphumeleliyo kuvavanyo baqeqeshwa kwakhona de babe bayazi kakuhle inkqubo yokusebenza esemgangathweni. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwinkampani ethile, emva kokusebenzisa uqeqesho lwenkqubo yokusebenza esemgangathweni, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso wehle nge-15%, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso nako kwanda nge-10%.
Ukubeka iliso kunye nempendulo: Misela indlela yokubeka iliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokulandela rhoqo iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni kwinkqubo yokwenyani yemveliso. Hlela abasebenzi abakhethekileyo ukuba bajonge rhoqo imisebenzi yabasebenzi kwaye balungise ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, khuthaza abasebenzi ukuba babeke phambili iingcebiso zokuphucula iinkqubo zokusebenza ukuze benze indlela elungileyo yokunika ingxelo. Umzekelo, inkampani ethile yaseka ibhokisi yengcebiso kwaye yabamba iisemina zabasebenzi rhoqo ukuqokelela izimvo zabasebenzi kunye neengcebiso malunga neenkqubo zokusebenza, yaphucula iinkqubo zokusebenza, yanciphisa ngakumbi umxholo we-formaldehyde, kwaye yaphucula umgangatho wemveliso.

7. Isishwankathelo
Ngolu phononongo lubanzi lungentla malunga nolawulo lomxholo we-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ii-silicone hip pads, izigqibo eziphambili kunye neengcebiso zingashwankathelwa:
7.1 Izigqibo eziphambili
Ukukhetha izinto eziluhlaza kubalulekile: izinto eziluhlaza ze-silicone ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nezongezo ezingenayo i-formaldehyde zisisiseko sokunciphisa umxholo we-formaldehyde. Ukukhetha izinto eziluhlaza ezinomxholo ophantsi okanye ongenawo ncam we-formaldehyde kunokunciphisa ukungeniswa kwe-formaldehyde kumthombo. Umzekelo, umxholo we-formaldehyde we-silicone owenziwe ngumthengisi wezinto eziluhlaza ze-silicone odumileyo unokulawulwa ngaphantsi kwe-10mg/kg, ngelixa izinto eziluhlaza eziphantsi zinokuba phezulu njenge-300mg/kg.
Isiphumo sokwenza ngcono inkqubo yemveliso sibalulekile: uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo lwe-vulcanization kunye neeparamitha zenkqubo yokwenza, njengokulawula ubushushu be-vulcanization kwi-150℃ ~ 180℃, ixesha le-vulcanization kwimizuzu eli-10 ~ imizuzu eli-15, uxinzelelo lwe-vulcanization kwi-5MPa ~ 10MPa, kunye nokwenza ngcono uyilo lwe-mold, ubushushu kunye nexesha lokubumba, kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngala manyathelo okwenza ngcono, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso ungancitshiswa ngama-20% ~ 35%.
Ulawulo lokusingqongileyo nezixhobo alunakuze lutyeshelwe: ukuphefumla kakuhle kwindawo yokusebenzela kunye nokucoca kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zemveliso kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuqokelelwa kunye nokufunxwa kwe-formaldehyde ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso. Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya inokuphindaphinda komoya okungaphezulu kwe-12 amaxesha ngeyure, okunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-formaldehyde kwindawo yokusebenzela ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.05mg/m³; ukucocwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunokunciphisa umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso malunga ne-10%.
Ukuhlolwa komgangatho kunye nokubeka iliso ziziqinisekiso: Ukuseka imigangatho engqongqo yokufumanisa i-formaldehyde kunye neendlela zokuthatha iisampulu rhoqo kunokuqinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde kwimveliso uyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Iitekhnoloji zokufumanisa eziphambili ezifana ne-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) okanye i-gas chromatography (GC) zinokulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo umxholo we-formaldehyde; ukuthatha iisampulu rhoqo kunye namanyathelo onyango angqongqo anokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo uzinzo lomgangatho wemveliso.
Uqeqesho nolawulo lwabasebenzi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo: ukuqeqesha abasebenzi kwiingozi ze-formaldehyde kunye nokukhuselwa, kunye noqeqesho kunye novavanyo lweenkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni, akunakunciphisa kuphela umxholo we-formaldehyde, kodwa kuqinisekisa nempilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Emva kokusebenzisa uqeqesho olusemgangathweni lwenkqubo yokusebenza, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso unokuncitshiswa nge-15% kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunokwandiswa nge-10%.
7.2 Iingcebiso
Ukuphucula umgangatho wezinto ezikrwada rhoqo: Amashishini kufuneka asebenzisane ngokusondeleyo nabathengisi ukuze baphuhlise kunye izinto ezikrwada ze-silicone ezine-formaldehyde ephantsi okanye i-formaldehyde-free kunye nezongezo ukuze kupheliswe ukungeniswa kwe-formaldehyde kumthombo. Kwangaxeshanye, qinisa uvavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwababoneleli bezinto ezikrwada ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezikrwada ezithengiweyo zihlala zihlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo.
Ukwandisa ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yemveliso: Amashishini kufuneka aqhubeke ehlola kwaye asebenzise ubuchwepheshe benkqubo yemveliso obuphucukileyo ukuze aphucule ngakumbi iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-vulcanization kunye nokubumba. Umzekelo, qalisa izixhobo zemveliso ezikrelekrele kunye neenkqubo zolawulo ukuze kufezekiswe ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokulungiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yemveliso, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ukuveliswa kwe-formaldehyde.
Qinisa ulawulo lokusingqongileyo nezixhobo: Amashishini kufuneka ahlaziye rhoqo kwaye ahlaziye iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kwindawo yokusebenzela kunye nezixhobo zemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kakuhle komoya kunye nokucoca nokugcina izixhobo zikwimeko entle. Kwangaxeshanye, misela indlela epheleleyo yokuhlaziya nokuphucula izixhobo, ususe ngexesha elifanelekileyo izixhobo ezindala ezinemingcipheko ephezulu yokukhupha i-formaldehyde, kwaye ungenise izixhobo ezintsha zemveliso ezinokukhululwa kwe-formaldehyde ephantsi.
Qinisa ukuhlolwa nokubeka esweni umgangatho: Amashishini kufuneka aphucule ngakumbi imigangatho yokubhaqwa kwe-formaldehyde kunye neendlela zokuthatha iisampulu, andise ubuninzi bokubhaqwa kunye nobukhulu besampulu, kwaye aqinisekise ukuba umxholo we-formaldehyde kwiimveliso ulawulwa ngokungqongqo ngaphakathi koluhlu olukhuselekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, yomeleza uhlalutyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwedatha yokubhaqwa, ufumanise iingxaki ezinokubakho zomgangatho ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okuthintela nawokulungisa asebenzayo.
Nika ingqalelo kuqeqesho nolawulo lwabasebenzi: Amashishini kufuneka abandakanye uqeqesho lwabasebenzi kwizicwangciso zophuhliso lwexesha elide, aququzelele rhoqo uqeqesho lobungozi be-formaldehyde kunye noqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo yokusebenza, kwaye aphucule ulwazi lwabasebenzi malunga nokusingqongileyo kunye nezakhono zokusebenza. Kwangaxeshanye, misela indlela epheleleyo yokubeka esweni kunye nempendulo ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwimisebenzi yokuphucula umgangatho kwaye bakhe umoya omhle wokuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kunye nolawulo oludibeneyo.
Ngamafutshane, ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo apheleleyo afana nolawulo lwezinto eziluhlaza, ukwenziwa ngcono kwenkqubo yemveliso, ulawulo lwendalo kunye nezixhobo, ukuhlolwa nokubekwa esweni komgangatho, uqeqesho kunye nolawulo lwabasebenzi, umxholo we-formaldehyde kwinkqubo yemveliso yee-silicone hip pads unokunciphisa ngempumelelo, umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso lunokuqinisekiswa, impilo yabathengi inokukhuselwa, kwaye kuya kuncedisa kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini.